1. The Antiretroviral agents most strongly associated with direct nephrotoxicity include the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, tenofovir, and the protease inhibitor indinavir, although other agents have been implicated less frequently.

2. Bacitracin nephrotoxicity is related to the daily dose and duration of therapy. Intramuscular Bacitracin should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with preexisting renal impairment or renal failure and systemic Bacitracin use should be restricted to severe infections due to susceptible organisms.

3. Methods: A total of 123 human renal allografts (normal n = 20, acute rejection n = 57, acute tubular necrosis n = 14, interstitial fibrosis n = 11, chronic allograft glomerulopathy n = 11, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity n = 3, cortical necrosis n = 7) were investigated by means of MR imaging.